An investigation into finding the optimum combination for dental restorations

The aim of the study was to find the optimum combination of materials and thicknesses to provide a tough, damage resistant multi-layer system with numerical methods to restore the damaged teeth. Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) was used to assess the critical loads for the onset of damage modes such as radial cracks and plastic deformation in dental prostheses, which consist of a brittle outerlayer (porcelain)/ metal (Au, Pd, Co)-core/ substrate (dentin) trilayer system. XFEM not only has the ability to model crack initiation process, but also could solve crack propagation problems. Generally speaking, porcelain layer shouldn't be thinner than 0.5 mm, as the stresses due to bending become tensile critically in porcelain undersurfaces and radial cracks would occur in low loads. Also, it could be concluded that XFEM in axisymmetric model could properly estimate crack initiation and propagation path. Yielding of metal core makes additional flexural stress at overlaying brittle surface and consequently, facilitates radial cracks. In dental applications, the optimum porcelain thickness would be between 0.75 and 1.25 mm. Furthermore, yield strength and stiffness of metal is better to be high sufficiently to prevent it from plastic deformation and ensuing radial cracks.